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Physics-Class 12: Unit 01

• Electric charges and their conservation
• Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and system of charges: Equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
• Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor
• Van De Graaff generator

Physics-Class 12: Unit 02

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear), electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications
• Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell

Physics-Class 12: Unit 03

• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment
• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors, definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter, and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
• Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
• Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements
• Para-, dia-, and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples
• Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths
• Permanent magnets

Physics-Class 12: Unit 04

• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced EMF, and current; Lenz's Law, eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance
• Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, Wattles current
• AC generator and transformer

Physics-Class 12: Unit 05

• Need for displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only)
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

Physics-Class 12: Unit 06

• Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula
• Refraction of light, total internal reflection, and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula
• Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror
• Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism
• Scattering of light-blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise, and sunset
• Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses
• Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting), and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle
• Interference, Young's double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes
• Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids

Physics-Class 12: Unit 07

• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation
• Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained)

Physics-Class 12: Unit 08

• Alpha-particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays, and their properties decay law
• Mass energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

Physics-Class 12: Unit 09

• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode-I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator
• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR)
• Transistor as a switch

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 01

• General introduction: Important and scope of chemistry
• Laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of elements, atoms, and molecules
• Atomic and molecular masses
• Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical, and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 02

• Atomic number, isotopes, and isobars
• Concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, De Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle
• Pauli exclusion principles and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 03

• Modern periodic law and long form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 04

• Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of molecules, VSEPR theory
• Concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only)
• Hydrogen bond

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 05

• Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, ideal behaviour of gases
• Empirical derivation of gas equation
• Avogadro number, ideal gas equation
• Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature
• Liquid state-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 06

• First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of: Bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition
• Ionization, solution, and dilution
• Introduction of entropy as state function, second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium, and spontaneity
• Third law of thermodynamics-brief introduction

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 07

• Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium-Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium-ionization of acids and bases
• Strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product
• Common ion effect (with illustrative examples)

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 08

• Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron, and change in oxidation numbers

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 09

• Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen; hydrides-ionic, covalent, and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses, and structure

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 10

• Group 1 and group 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship
• Group 2 and group 2 elements: Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic, and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen, and halogens; uses
• Preparation and properties of some important compounds: Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium
• Industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 11

• General Introduction to p-block elements
• Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group
• Group 13 elements: Boron, some important compounds-borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids and alkalies
• General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element, carbon, allotropic forms
• General 14 elements: Physical and chemical properties-uses of some important compounds: Oxides
• Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: Silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates, and zeolites, their uses

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 12

• General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation
• Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: Free radials, carbocations, carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 13

• Alkanes-nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion, and pyrolysis
• Alkanes-nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation: Chemical reactions-addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect)
• Alkanes-ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition
• Alkynes-nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: Acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of-hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; benzene; resonance, aromaticity; chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution-nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity

Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 14

• Environmental pollution: Air, water, and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer
• Environmental pollution: Greenhouse effect and global warming pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces; molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell
• Packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties abnormal molecular mass
• Van Hoff factor

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 03

• Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and galvanic cells
• Lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant
• Integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy, Arrhenius equation

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 05

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: Enzyme catalysis; colloidal state- distinction between true solutions
• Colloidal state: Colloids, and suspensions, lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular, and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions-types of emulsions

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 06

• Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 07

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; preparation and properties of ammonia, and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only)
• Group 15 elements: Phosphorous-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: Preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCI3, PCI5) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: Preparation, properties, and uses; classification of oxides; ozone
• Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation, preparation, properties, and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: Industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: Preparation, properties and uses of chlorine, and hydrochloric acid
• Group 17 elements: Interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 08

• General introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property
• Magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Preparation and Properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanoid contraction, and its consequences
• Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and comparison with lanthanides

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 09

• Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner's theory VBT,CFT
• Coordination compounds: Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, biological systems)

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 10

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions
• Optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)
• Uses and environment effects of-dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 11

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties uses

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 12

• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 13

• Carbohydrates-classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), DL configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): Importance
• Proteins-elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Hormones-elementary idea (excluding structure)
• Vitamins-classification and function
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 14

• Classification-natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization
• Some important polymers: Natural and synthetic like polyesters, bakelite; rubber, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers

Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 15

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action